{"id":10354,"date":"2022-05-13T10:16:49","date_gmt":"2022-05-13T10:16:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/?p=10354"},"modified":"2022-05-13T10:16:51","modified_gmt":"2022-05-13T10:16:51","slug":"%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%b5-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%b5-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_54_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-650c4523b3c50\"><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input 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\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%b5-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8\" title=\"\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938:\">\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%b5-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8\/#%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE\" title=\"\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e:\">\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%b5-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8\/#%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE\" title=\"\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0932\u093e:\">\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0932\u093e:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%b5-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8\/#%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE\" title=\"\u0932\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0932\u093e:\">\u0932\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0932\u093e:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8\"><\/span>\u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b 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has-vivid-purple-color\">\u0915\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0926\u0928\u093e\u0930<\/mark><\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-purple-color\">\u0915\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0926\u092e<\/mark><\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE\"><\/span>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u092e\u0947\u0927 \u0914\u0930 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class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9a%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%be\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u091a\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0932\u093e (Chola Art and Architecture)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%97-%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u091c\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0921 13 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 1919<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%89%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%9f-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b9-1919\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0930\u0949\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 1919<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a6-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%bc%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2-1918\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0905\u0939\u092e\u0926\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e\u0932 1918<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 (Causes of Environmental Degradation)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1vvKieFcNZXm3x7gbd21yAxHAGdJKBhXd\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928: \u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938: \u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940\u092a\u0941\u0930\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915, \u092e\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0925\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0928\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0917\u0935\u0925 \u0905\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0926\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0928\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939\u0935\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":10412,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[277],"tags":[716,714,713,715],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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