{"id":250,"date":"2021-08-17T08:23:28","date_gmt":"2021-08-17T08:23:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/?p=250"},"modified":"2021-08-21T04:20:02","modified_gmt":"2021-08-21T04:20:02","slug":"%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e (Structure of an Ecosystem)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_54_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-659dc8c308a29\"><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-659dc8c308a29\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88_What_is_an_Ecosystem\" title=\"\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 (What is an Ecosystem)?\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 (What is an Ecosystem)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3_Characteristics_of_an_Ecosystem\" title=\"\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics of an Ecosystem):\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics of an Ecosystem):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_Structure_of_an_Ecosystem\" title=\"\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e) (Structure of an Ecosystem):\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e) (Structure of an Ecosystem):<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95_Biotic_Components\" title=\"\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915 (Biotic Components):\">\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915 (Biotic Components):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95_Abiotic_Components\" title=\"\u0905\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915 (Abiotic Components): \">\u0905\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915 (Abiotic Components): <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88_What_is_an_Ecosystem\"><\/span><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span> (What is an Ecosystem)?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0940\u0935\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930, \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e-\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3_Characteristics_of_an_Ecosystem\"><\/span><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span> (Characteristics of an Ecosystem):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0925 (1966) \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u092e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li><li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092c\u091c\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li><li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923- \u091c\u0932 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930, \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930, \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\/\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_Structure_of_an_Ecosystem\"><\/span><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e)<\/span> (Structure of an Ecosystem):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95_Biotic_Components\"><\/span><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915<\/span> (Biotic Components):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(1) <span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0938<\/span> (Producers)-<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 <strong><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/span> <\/strong>(photosynthesis) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 <strong><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0940<\/span><\/strong> (autotrophic) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e-\u092a\u094c\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941, \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091c\u094b\u0906 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0911\u091f\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092b\u093c \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0940-\u092c\u0942\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u091d\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092b\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0911\u091f\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092b\u093c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0925\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(2) <span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/span> (Consumers)-<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0936\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940 (\u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947)<\/span> Herbivores-<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u093c\u0940\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923- \u0916\u0930\u0917\u094b\u0936, \u091f\u093f\u0921\u094d\u0921\u093e, \u092c\u0915\u0930\u0940, \u0939\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li><li><strong><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span> (Carnivores)-<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u0940\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923- \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0922\u0915) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940 (\u0938\u093e\u0902\u092a, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0943\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940\/\u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li><strong><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span><\/strong> <strong>(Omnivores)-<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923- \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f, \u091a\u0942\u0939\u0947, \u0932\u094b\u092e\u0921\u093c\u0940, \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u0964<\/li><li><strong><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0921\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0938 \u092b\u0940\u0921\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0948\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0938<\/span> (Detritivores)-<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u092e\u0943\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923- \u092d\u0943\u0902\u0917, \u0926\u0940\u092e\u0915, \u091a\u0940\u0902\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0915\u0947\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0915\u0947\u0902\u091a\u0941\u090f \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(3)<span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\"> \u0921\u0940\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u0930<\/span> (Decomposers)-<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0921\u0940\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935-<\/span><\/strong> \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0905\u091f\u0942\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0921\u0940\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u0930 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0943\u0924 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928: \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0921\u0940\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c\u094b\u0902, \u091d\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u092f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0921\u0940\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95_Abiotic_Components\"><\/span><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0905\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915<\/span> (Abiotic Components): <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915-\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928, \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928, \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921, \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u0938 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0905\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/span><\/strong> (Inorganic Substances) \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li><li><strong><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915<\/span><\/strong> (Organic Compounds) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928, \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0921, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0940\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u0930 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-\u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0915\u0935\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li><strong><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915<\/span><\/strong> (Climatic Factors) \u0914\u0930 <strong><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u090f\u0921\u0948\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915<\/span><\/strong> (Edaphic Factors)\u0964 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0939\u0935\u093e, \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0921\u0948\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c, \u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a (pH) \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 (What is an Ecosystem)? \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0940\u0935\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930, \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e-\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics of an Ecosystem): \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0925 (1966) \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948- \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":351,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[21,19,20,18,17],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e | Structure of an Ecosystem in Hindi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 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Hindi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-17T08:23:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-21T04:20:02+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/#\/schema\/person\/5bc1675313645e532d7a429a1584ee6f\"},\"description\":\"\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 (What is an Ecosystem)? \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e) (Structure of an Ecosystem). \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915, \u0905\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 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