{"id":2820,"date":"2021-09-16T19:36:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-16T19:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/?p=2820"},"modified":"2021-09-16T19:38:29","modified_gmt":"2021-09-16T19:38:29","slug":"%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Ozone Layer Depletion)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_54_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-650c44130a49d\"><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-650c44130a49d\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/#%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3\" title=\"\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:\">\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/#%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88\" title=\"\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\">\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/#%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88\" title=\"\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?\">\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/#%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8\" title=\"\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928:\">\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/#%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88\" title=\"\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928-\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\">\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928-\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/#%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3\" title=\"\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923:\">\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/#%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_Ozone_Hole_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88\" title=\"\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 (Ozone Hole) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\">\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 (Ozone Hole) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/#%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88\" title=\"\u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?\">\u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/#%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5\" title=\"\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:\">\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/#%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%8F_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82\" title=\"\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902:\">\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3\"><\/span>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88\"><\/span>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0922\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0935\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941:<\/strong><\/span> 16 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88\"><\/span>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 (O<sub>3<\/sub>) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0932\u0918\u0941-\u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0940 (\u092f\u0942\u0935\u0940) \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 242 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0923\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 (O) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td>O<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;+ h\u03bd \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; O + O<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0923\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td>O + O<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;+ M \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013&gt; O<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;+ M<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 &#8216;M&#8217; \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 (200 \u0938\u0947 320 nm) \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0923\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td>O<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;+ h\u03bd \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014-&gt; O<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;+ O<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0942\u0935\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8\"><\/span>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b &#8216;\u0921\u0949\u092c\u094d\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930&#8217; \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0949\u092c\u0938\u0928 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (DU) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 DU \u0909\u0938 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0940 0.01 mm \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (1 atm.) \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 350 DU \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0915\u091f\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 250 DU \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0909\u092a\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 (\u0938\u093f\u0935\u093e\u092f \u091c\u092c \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0914\u0938\u0924\u0928 450 DU \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0915\u091f\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88\"><\/span>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928-\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928-\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0935\u0947 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 (\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u0925\u0947\u0928, \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0911\u0928), \u0939\u0948\u0932\u094b\u0928, \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921, \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0940\u0928, \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u091f\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3\"><\/span>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 (CFCs) \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0940\u0936\u0928\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f- \u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0911\u0928), \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u094b\u092e-\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0907\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f- \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u092f\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094b\u092e) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0949\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0948\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0936\u094d\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0938\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0938 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u091f\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0939\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u090f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094b\u0932 \u092d\u0940 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong><span style=\"color:#49d0c0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941-<\/span><\/strong> \u092b\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092a\u0940\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0942\u0928 1991 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0909\u0902\u091f \u092a\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0941\u092c\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u094b 4% \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 9% \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u0908\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_Ozone_Hole_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88\"><\/span>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 (Ozone Hole) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0949. \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0940. \u092b\u0930\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u094b 1957 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u0947 &#8220;\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930&#8221; \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88\"><\/span>\u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0932, \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0938\u0902\u0924 (\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928, \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924) \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0926 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (-85\u00b0C) \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092b \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0932\u0928 (\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0902\u0935\u0930) \u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092b \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0938\u0902\u0924 (\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930) \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0924\u0940\u091c\u0924\u0928, \u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0932\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0939 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930  \u0917\u093e\u092f\u092c \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5\"><\/span>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0942\u0935\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0935\u0940-\u092c\u0940 (290-320 nm)\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0940-\u092c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0921\u0940\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094b\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921 (\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930 (\u092c\u0947\u0938\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0948\u092e\u0938 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0928\u094b\u092e\u093e) \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u094b\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) \u090f\u092a\u093f\u0921\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 (\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923) \u092f\u0942\u0935\u0940-\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u0926\u092e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u094b\u0930\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 (\u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947) \u092f\u0942\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(4) \u092b\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0928 \u092f\u0942\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u090f\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0942\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0935\u0915, \u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(5) \u092e\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e, \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932, \u0938\u094b\u092f\u093e\u092c\u0940\u0928, \u0915\u092a\u093e\u0938, \u092c\u0940\u0928, \u092e\u091f\u0930, \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0947\u0939\u0942\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092b\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u091c \u0918\u091f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(6) \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u092d\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(7) \u092a\u0947\u0902\u091f, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092f\u0942\u0935\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%8F_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82\"><\/span>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0936\u0928, 1985\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) \u0935\u093f\u092f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a 1987 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u093c\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u092a\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) IPCC (\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0928\u0932) \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 1988 \u092e\u0947\u0902 UNEP (\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e) \u0914\u0930 WMO (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092c UNFCCC (\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0936\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%be\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e (Acid Rain)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Environmental Ethics)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Water Conservation)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%a8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u091c\u0932\u0938\u0902\u092d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 (Watershed Management)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0902 (Ocean Currents)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1vvKieFcNZXm3x7gbd21yAxHAGdJKBhXd\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923: \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0922\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0935\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941: 16 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948? \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 (O3) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0932\u0918\u0941-\u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0940 (\u092f\u0942\u0935\u0940) \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 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