{"id":6511,"date":"2021-10-27T02:42:07","date_gmt":"2021-10-27T02:42:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/?p=6511"},"modified":"2021-10-27T02:45:36","modified_gmt":"2021-10-27T02:45:36","slug":"%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1911","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1911\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930 1911 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091c \u092a\u0902\u091a\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 12 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1911 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0915 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0941\u0917\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0947\u0964 1911 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930-\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u0932\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0915\u0908 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u093e\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(I) \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 &#8220;\u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915, \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930&#8221; \u0925\u093e\u0964 &#8216;\u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915&#8217; \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u092e\u0941\u0917\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 &#8216;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915&#8217; \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928-\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0942\u092b\u093e\u0928-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0939\u0930, \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u091c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091c \u092a\u0902\u091a\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(II) \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0925\u0940, \u0907\u0938 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0928\u091c\u0930, \u0938\u093f\u0932\u0939\u091f \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0938\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0938\u092e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u091c\u094b 1874 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0928\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u0939\u091f \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0932\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0938- 23 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1912:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0925\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0936\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0939\u092d\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 23 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1912 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0938\u0930\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0916 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0909\u0938 \u0926\u093f\u0928, \u091c\u092c \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0938\u0930\u093e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0928, \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0902\u0926\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u0942\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0938\u0930\u093e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u092e \u092b\u0947\u0902\u0915\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0918\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u094b\u0936 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0939\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%89%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%8b-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1909\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092e\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0932\u0947-\u092e\u093f\u0902\u091f\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (1909)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/muslim-league-foundation-in-hindi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0905\u0916\u093f\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092e \u0932\u0940\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/methods-of-conservation-of-biodiversity-in-hindi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 (Methods of Conservation of Biodiversity)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0905\u0924\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Impact of Overgrazing)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%96%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0916\u0928\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902- \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1DFF1xyR1MUz1Yc2TBVNES2VPa0A0mb9s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911: \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930 1911 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091c \u092a\u0902\u091a\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 12 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1911 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0915 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0941\u0917\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0947\u0964 1911 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930-\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u0932\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0915\u0908 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u093e\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u093e\u0964 (I) \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":6549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[365],"tags":[493,497,496,494,495],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911 | \u0932\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0938- 23 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1912<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911:\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940-\u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930-1911\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911 | \u0932\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0938- 23 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1912\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911:\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940-\u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930-1911\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IAS Notes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-10-27T02:42:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-10-27T02:45:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940-\u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930-1911.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"270\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Govindaraja\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Govindaraja\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1911\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1911\/\",\"name\":\"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911 | \u0932\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0938- 23 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1912\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-27T02:42:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-27T02:45:36+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/#\/schema\/person\/86536abd4f5131a7c6e1e5bea126c7ae\"},\"description\":\"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911:\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1911\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1911\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1911\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/\",\"name\":\"IAS Notes\",\"description\":\"\u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0938\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/#\/schema\/person\/86536abd4f5131a7c6e1e5bea126c7ae\",\"name\":\"Govindaraja\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IAS-Profile-96x96.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IAS-Profile-96x96.png\",\"caption\":\"Govindaraja\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/author\/govindaraja\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911 | \u0932\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0938- 23 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1912","description":"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911:","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940-\u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930-1911\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911 | \u0932\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0938- 23 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1912","og_description":"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911:","og_url":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940-\u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930-1911\/","og_site_name":"IAS Notes","article_published_time":"2021-10-27T02:42:07+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-10-27T02:45:36+00:00","og_image":[{"width":450,"height":270,"url":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940-\u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930-1911.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Govindaraja","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Govindaraja","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1911\/","url":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1911\/","name":"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911 | \u0932\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0938- 23 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1912","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-10-27T02:42:07+00:00","dateModified":"2021-10-27T02:45:36+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/#\/schema\/person\/86536abd4f5131a7c6e1e5bea126c7ae"},"description":"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911:","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1911\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1911\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-1911\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 1911"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/","name":"IAS Notes","description":"\u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0938","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/#\/schema\/person\/86536abd4f5131a7c6e1e5bea126c7ae","name":"Govindaraja","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IAS-Profile-96x96.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/IAS-Profile-96x96.png","caption":"Govindaraja"},"url":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/author\/govindaraja\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6511"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6511"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6511\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}