{"id":7157,"date":"2021-11-09T11:37:54","date_gmt":"2021-11-09T11:37:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/?p=7157"},"modified":"2021-11-09T11:39:06","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T11:39:06","slug":"%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f (Mauryan Period Language and Literature)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092a\u0942\u0924\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u092e\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e, \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927, \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0924\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0928 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0941\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0921\u093c \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0921\u093c \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092e \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902- \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930-\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 (\u0909\u0926\u093f\u091a\u094d\u092f)\u0964 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f-\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0930\u0942\u0922\u093c\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u092e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e- \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0928\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948- \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092d\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092c\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948 –<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(I) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930-\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0928\u0938\u0947\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u092c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u0917\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(II) \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0917\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092a\u0941\u0924\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930-\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 (\u0915\u0932\u0938\u0940) \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 (\u0907\u0932\u093e\u0939\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926) \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936, \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0938 (\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 (\u0932\u094c\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0930\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u090f\u0902) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(III) \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u093f\u0921\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0917\u0927\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0942\u0930-\u0926\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0916\u094b \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u091a\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0941\u0917\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (600-1200 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094c\u0930\u0938\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a, \u092e\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0928 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0916\u0930\u094b\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0940 \u092b\u093e\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928 (\u0926\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0940, \u092e\u094b\u0939\u0928\u091c\u094b\u0926\u0921\u093c\u094b \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f (\u092c\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902) \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0916\u094b\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094b\u0902-\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f- \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924- \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092c \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924, \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f, \u0939\u094b\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094c\u0924\u092e, \u092c\u094c\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u0906\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092c, \u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920, \u0939\u0930\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0902\u0916-\u0932\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092a\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u0932\u0947-\u092b\u0942\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u0939\u092e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e (\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e), \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927), \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u093e, \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092b\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0942 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 (\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u093e), \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0941\u0936\u0940 (\u092e\u093e\u0927\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092f), \u0917\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0923 (\u0914\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f), \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 (\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0935) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u094c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 (\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0918\u093e\u0924), \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0935 (\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0937 (\u0905\u092a\u0938\u092c\u094d\u0926) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0930\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u092c\u0948\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0928\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\u0932\u0916\u0928\u090a \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e 1916 (Lucknow Pact)<\/a>
\u0918\u093e\u0938\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Grassland Ecosystems)<\/a>
\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092d\u0942-\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (Biogeochemical Cycles)<\/a>
\u0938\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0924\u094b\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0924 (Temperate Cyclones)<\/a>
\u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 (Soil Conservation Practices)<\/a>
\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Environmental Ethics)<\/a>
\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f: \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092a\u0942\u0924\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u092e\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e, \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927, \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0924\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0928 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0941\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0921\u093c \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0921\u093c \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 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