{"id":7533,"date":"2021-11-21T10:42:36","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T10:42:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/?p=7533"},"modified":"2021-11-21T10:45:07","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T10:45:07","slug":"%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%81-%e0%a4%98%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be-1917","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%81-%e0%a4%98%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be-1917\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0917\u0941 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e (1917)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_54_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-66152a76d1463\"><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-66152a76d1463\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%81-%e0%a4%98%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be-1917\/#%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE\" title=\"\u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0917\u0941 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e:\">\u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0917\u0941 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%81-%e0%a4%98%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be-1917\/#%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE\" title=\"\u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0917\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:\">\u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0917\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%81-%e0%a4%98%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be-1917\/#%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8\" title=\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928:\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE\"><\/span>\u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0917\u0941 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f, \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u0930\u0942\u0932 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e, 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\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8220;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902&#8221; \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930 1917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0917\u0941 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u094b \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 1918 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0942-\u091a\u0947\u092e\u094d\u0938\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e 1919 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE\"><\/span>\u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0917\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930, \u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0925\u0940\u0902, \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093e&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0924\u092d\u0947\u0926 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930 1917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u091c \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0932\u0940\u0932 \u0926\u0940\u0964 \u0924\u093f\u0932\u0915 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0917\u0941 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b &#8220;\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u094b\u0930&#8221; \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8\"><\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930 1917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0917\u0941 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0916\u0941\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 1918) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0940 &#8220;\u0928\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0936\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937\u091c\u0928\u0915&#8221; \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (\u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930 1918) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 1907 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0926\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0932\u093f\u092c\u0930\u0932 \u0932\u0940\u0917 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong><span style=\"color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0905\u0916\u093f\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0918<\/span><\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0917\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u092e\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f  \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u090f, \u0935\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (Carbon Cycle in Nature)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/uttar-kee-mahaan-parvateey-deevaar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 (The Great Mountain Wall of the North)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%b5-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%82-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092d\u0942-\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (Biogeochemical Cycles)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0935\u0928\u0947\u0902 (Seasonal or Periodic Winds)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%96%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0916\u0928\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902- \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1DFF1xyR1MUz1Yc2TBVNES2VPa0A0mb9s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0917\u0941 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f, \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u0930\u0942\u0932 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0930\u0935\u0948\u092f\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 12 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908, 1917 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938 \u0911\u092b \u0915\u0949\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0917\u0941 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0916\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0926\u093e\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0917\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":7578,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[365],"tags":[554,558,557,553,556],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0917\u0941 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e (1917) | \u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0917\u0941 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