{"id":761,"date":"2021-08-21T04:19:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-21T04:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/?p=761"},"modified":"2021-08-21T10:51:17","modified_gmt":"2021-08-21T10:51:17","slug":"%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Effects of Water Pollution)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0908 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948- \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0928, \u0927\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908, \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908, \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924: \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f-<\/span><\/strong> \u091c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u092a\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0924\u0928, \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f, \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0918\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0928 8-15 mg\/L<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0932\u094d\u092e\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 5-8 mg\/L<\/strong> \u0918\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092a \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 3.0 mg\/L<\/strong> \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0915\u092e \u0918\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u091b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 (\u0921\u0940\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928) \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0932\u091b\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u0938 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915 (\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935)-<\/span><\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u0938 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0948\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0902\u0927\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a, \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915-\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) \u0930\u094b\u0917\u091c\u093c\u0928\u0915\u093c\u094b\u0902-<\/span><\/strong> \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091c\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0935\u0947\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u091c\u0928\u0915 (\u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947) \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0930\u094b\u0917\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u0932\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u091c\u093e, \u092a\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0936, \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0921, \u092a\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0938\u0940\u0935\u0947\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915-<\/span><\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941, \u0915\u0940\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915, \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917<\/span><\/strong> (Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b 20\u00b0C \u092a\u0930 5 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0930\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915, \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092e\u0930\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0921\u0940\u0921\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f<\/span><\/strong> (bioaccumulation)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/strong> <\/span>(biomagnification)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u0939\u0930\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0938\u093e, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092e\u0930\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092e\u0930\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 1953 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092e\u0930\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0924\u093e\u0908-\u0907\u0924\u093e\u0908<\/span><\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902, \u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930, \u0915\u093f\u0921\u0928\u0940, \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0936\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u093e\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092a\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0918\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0925\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0925\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928\u0947\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/strong> \u092f\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0942-\u092c\u0947\u092c\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e<\/span><\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092a\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092a\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938<\/span><\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u091c\u0932 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u092b\u0941\u091f <\/span><\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u0940\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0938, \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0947\u0930\u093e\u091f\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\/\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 (Causes\/Sources of Water Pollution)<\/a>
\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e (Structure of an Ecosystem)<\/a>
\u092d\u0942\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Global Warming)<\/a>
\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935: \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0908 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948- \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0928, \u0927\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908, \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908, \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924: \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 (1) \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f- \u091c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 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