{"id":8508,"date":"2021-12-15T11:27:11","date_gmt":"2021-12-15T11:27:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/?p=8508"},"modified":"2021-12-15T11:29:32","modified_gmt":"2021-12-15T11:29:32","slug":"%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"\u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Aquatic Ecosystems)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_54_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6599092948b7e\"><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6599092948b7e\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0\" title=\"\u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:\">\u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0\" title=\"\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:\">\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0\" title=\"\u091d\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:\">\u091d\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0\" title=\"\u091d\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:\">\u091d\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE\" title=\"\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e:\">\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0\" title=\"\u0928\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:\">\u0928\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0\" title=\"\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930:\">\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_Estuary\" title=\"\u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0926\u0940\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e (Estuary):\">\u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0926\u0940\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e (Estuary):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0\"><\/span>\u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u092e\u0940\u0920\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u0940\u0920\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091d\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0915) \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u0932\u0949\u091f\u093f\u0915) \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0906\u0907\u090f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0\"><\/span>\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0940\u0920\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090b\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0925\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 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\u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0927\u094b\u0928\u0947, \u0928\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0947, \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u092e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0\"><\/span>\u091d\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091d\u0940\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0940\u0920\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0925\u0932\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong><span style=\"color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f (\u0932\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0932) \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u090f\u0915 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong><span style=\"color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0932\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0924\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0928\u0917\u0923\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong><span style=\"color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span> <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928\u0917\u0930 (\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0942-\u0915\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0932 \u091d\u0940\u0932, \u0928\u0948\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093e\u0932 (\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0916\u0902\u0921) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u0940 \u091d\u0940\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0923\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0915 \u091d\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091d\u0940\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091d\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0928 (\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0935\u0915)<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923- \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0935\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0948\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0942\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0935\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u091f\u093f\u092b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0928\u0947\u0915\u091f\u0928<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u092c\u0947\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0938<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0924\u0932\u091b\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923- \u0918\u094b\u0902\u0918\u0947\u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u092a\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0928<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u093f\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923- \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0938\u091f\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0928\u0964<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091d\u0940\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0920\u0902\u0921\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u090f\u092a\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928-<\/strong> \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928-<\/strong> \u0920\u0902\u0921\u0940, \u091a\u093f\u092a\u091a\u093f\u092a\u0940, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u0964<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0926\u094b \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0915\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0\"><\/span>\u091d\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091d\u0940\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u0913\u0932\u093f\u0917\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u091d\u0940\u0932\u0947\u0902 <\/strong>\u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u091d\u0940\u0932\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0917\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0935\u0947\u091c \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0964 \u0935\u0947 &#8220;\u0936\u0948\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947&#8221; \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923- \u0921\u0932 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\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923- \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u091d\u0940\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u091d\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u092e\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u091d\u0940\u0932\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u0932\u0935\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u092a\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923- \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e \u091d\u0940\u0932\u0964<\/li><li>\u092c\u093e\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 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\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0908 <a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u092d\u0942-\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915-\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u092d\u0942-\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong><\/a> \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/prakriti-mein-jal-chakra\/\"><strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong><\/a> \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b 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\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930-<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092b (\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0932\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917) \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u092f\u0942\u092b\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u092c\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0927\u0947\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b 2000 \u0938\u0947 5000 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u0942\u0930\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_Estuary\"><\/span>\u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0926\u0940\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e (Estuary):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0926\u0940\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u091c\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u092e\u0915\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u093e\u0926 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0920\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915, \u092e\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0926\u0940\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0935\u0923\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940\u0939\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0916\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0932\u0926\u0932 \u092e\u0941\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092e\u0941\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u091b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0908\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0932\u092e\u0928 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u091c\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e \u0928\u092e\u0915\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092e\u0941\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0941\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0926\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/mahaasaagaron-se-judee-visheshataen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Importance of Oceans)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%be\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930-\u092d\u093e\u091f\u093e (Tide) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a8\/\">\u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 (Soil<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a8\/\">Erosion)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1DFF1xyR1MUz1Yc2TBVNES2VPa0A0mb9s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u091c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u092e\u0940\u0920\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u0940\u0920\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091d\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0915) \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u0932\u0949\u091f\u093f\u0915) \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0906\u0907\u090f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0940\u0920\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090b\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0925\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8512,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[606,605,607,609,608],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Aquatic Ecosystems)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930- \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091d\u0940\u0932 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