{"id":9218,"date":"2022-01-29T17:44:03","date_gmt":"2022-01-29T17:44:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/?p=9218"},"modified":"2022-01-29T17:47:50","modified_gmt":"2022-01-29T17:47:50","slug":"%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Ecological Succession)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_54_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-65008205edbc1\"><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 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\u0939\u0948?\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82\" title=\"\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0\" title=\"\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE\" title=\"\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0\/#%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5\" title=\"\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935:\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u092a-\u0930-\u0938-\u0925-\u0924-\u0915-\u0909\u0924-\u0924\u0930-\u0927-\u0915-\u0930-\u0915-\u092f-\u0939\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88\"><\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u091a\u0938\u094d\u092a \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/mark><\/strong> (Biotic Succession) \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u090f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u094b <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f<\/mark><\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f<\/mark><\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0915\u094b <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u091a\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f<\/mark><\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u091a\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0917\u0921\u093c\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 (\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0930\u0947\u0924) \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938<\/mark><\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938<\/strong><\/mark> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902- <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0932\u093f\u0925\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938<\/mark><\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0938\u0948\u092e\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938<\/mark><\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/mark><\/strong> \u092f\u093e <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a<\/strong><\/mark> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u092a-\u0930-\u0938-\u0925-\u0924-\u0915-\u0909\u0924-\u0924\u0930-\u0927-\u0915-\u0930-\u0935-\u0936-\u0937\u0924-\u090f\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82\"><\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) \u092f\u0939 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947, \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f, \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(4) \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(5) \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0906\u0932\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0924\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(6) \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0927\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(7) \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(8) \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u0947\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(9) \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(10) \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u092a-\u0930-\u0938-\u0925-\u0924-\u0915-\u0909\u0924-\u0924\u0930-\u0927-\u0915-\u0930-\u0915-\u092a-\u0930\u0915-\u0930\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0\"><\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0947\u0930\u0947-<\/mark><\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0924\u0932\u091b\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0935\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0940\u0932\u0947, \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u091f, \u0928\u090f \u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939, \u092f\u093e \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0916 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0917\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u092e\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947\u0930\u0947-<\/mark><\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0936\u093e\u092f\u0926 \u0906\u0917, \u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c, \u0939\u0935\u093e-\u0924\u0942\u092b\u093e\u0928, \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0947, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u092a-\u0930-\u0938-\u0925-\u0924-\u0915-\u0909\u0924-\u0924\u0930-\u0927-\u0915-\u0930-\u0915-\u092a-\u0930\u0915-\u0930-\u092f\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE\"><\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/mark><\/strong> (1916) \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0928\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e-<\/mark><\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u094d\u0916\u0932\u0928, \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f, \u0906\u0926\u093f (\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915) \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0916\u0947, \u0939\u093f\u092e\u0928\u0926, \u0920\u0902\u0922, \u0906\u0926\u093f (\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u093e\u0908, \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094b\u092a, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f\/\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935-<\/mark><\/strong> \u0928\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e (\u0939\u0935\u093e, \u091c\u0932) \u092f\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e (\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091c\u094b\u0902, \u092c\u0940\u091c\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938-<\/mark><\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930, \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(4) <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923-<\/mark><\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(5) <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-<\/mark><\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0917\u0939, \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938\u093f\u092b\u093f\u0915 (\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a) \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938\u093f\u092b\u093f\u0915 (\u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0908 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(6) <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-<\/mark><\/strong> \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(7) <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923-<\/mark><\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u092a-\u0930-\u0938-\u0925-\u0924-\u0915-\u0909\u0924-\u0924\u0930-\u0927-\u0915-\u0930-\u0915-\u0935-\u092f-\u0935\u0939-\u0930-\u0915-\u092e\u0939\u0924-\u0935\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5\"><\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091a\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0941\u090f \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0927\u0942\u092a, \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u091f\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u092a\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u0943\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091d\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0936\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092c\u091f\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u092c\u091f\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091f\u0947\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) \u091a\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0940-\u092c\u0942\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0936\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u091a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0928\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(4) \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%a8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 (Disaster Management)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%8a%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%a8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0935\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Types of Planetary Winds)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 (The Coastal Plains)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%aa-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b9\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (The Island Groups of India)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1DFF1xyR1MUz1Yc2TBVNES2VPa0A0mb9s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u091a\u0938\u094d\u092a \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Biotic Succession) \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9224,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[645],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 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