{"id":9316,"date":"2022-02-12T11:10:11","date_gmt":"2022-02-12T11:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/?p=9316"},"modified":"2022-02-12T11:10:13","modified_gmt":"2022-02-12T11:10:13","slug":"bhaarateey-mittee-ka-vargeekaran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/bhaarateey-mittee-ka-vargeekaran\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Classification of Indian Soils)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_54_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-65db7b98184dc\"><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-65db7b98184dc\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/bhaarateey-mittee-ka-vargeekaran\/#%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3\" title=\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/bhaarateey-mittee-ka-vargeekaran\/#%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Alluvial_Soil\" title=\"\u091c\u0932\u094b\u0922\u093c \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Alluvial Soil):\">\u091c\u0932\u094b\u0922\u093c \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Alluvial Soil):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/bhaarateey-mittee-ka-vargeekaran\/#%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Black_Soil\" title=\"\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Black Soil):\">\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Black Soil):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/bhaarateey-mittee-ka-vargeekaran\/#%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Red_and_Yellow_Soil\" title=\"\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Red and Yellow Soil):\">\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Red and Yellow Soil):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/bhaarateey-mittee-ka-vargeekaran\/#%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Laterite_Soil\" title=\"\u0932\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Laterite Soil):\">\u0932\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Laterite Soil):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/bhaarateey-mittee-ka-vargeekaran\/#%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Desert_Soil\" title=\"\u092e\u0930\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Desert Soil):\">\u092e\u0930\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Desert Soil):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/bhaarateey-mittee-ka-vargeekaran\/#%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Saline_and_Alkaline_Soil\" title=\"\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Saline and Alkaline Soil):\">\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Saline and Alkaline Soil):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/bhaarateey-mittee-ka-vargeekaran\/#%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Peaty_and_Marshy_Soil\" title=\"\u092a\u0940\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0932\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Peaty and Marshy Soil):\">\u092a\u0940\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0932\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Peaty and Marshy Soil):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/bhaarateey-mittee-ka-vargeekaran\/#%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Forest_and_Mountain_Soil\" title=\"\u0935\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Forest and Mountain Soil):\">\u0935\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Forest and Mountain Soil):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u092d-\u0930\u0924-\u092f-\u092e-\u091f-\u091f-\u092f-\u0915-\u0935\u0930-\u0917-\u0915\u0930\u0923\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3\"><\/span>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0935\u091a, \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093e<\/mark><\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a \u0925\u0940\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0925\u0940\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947 <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u090a\u0938\u0930<\/mark> <\/strong>\u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0920\u0928, \u0930\u0902\u0917, \u0928\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e, \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0932, \u092a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u0941\u0908, \u092e\u0943\u0923\u094d\u092e\u092f, \u0938\u093f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b\u092e\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/mark><\/strong> 1956 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926<\/mark><\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b<\/mark><\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/mark><\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u091c\u0932\u094b\u0922\u093c \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940<\/li><li>\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940<\/li><li>\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940<\/li><li>\u0932\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940<\/li><li>\u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0930\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940<\/li><li>\u0935\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940<\/li><li>\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940<\/li><li>\u092a\u0940\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0932\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u091c\u0932-\u0922-\u092e-\u091f-\u091f-alluvial-soil\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Alluvial_Soil\"><\/span>\u091c\u0932\u094b\u0922\u093c \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Alluvial Soil):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0932\u094b\u0922\u093c \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936, \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092d\u0940 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0932\u094b\u0922\u093c \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0940, \u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u0932\u094b\u0922\u093c \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0932\u094b\u0922\u093c \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 500 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 1000 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0938, \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921, \u091a\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u092a\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u091c\u092e\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908, \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0916 \u092d\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0932\u094b\u0922\u093c \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u094b\u0922\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0908 \u091c\u0932\u094b\u0922\u093c\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0930-<\/mark><\/strong> \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u092e\u0943\u0923\u094d\u092e\u092f, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0964<\/li><li>\u0915\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li>\u0916\u093e\u0926\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a\u0964<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0916\u093e\u0926\u0930-<\/mark><\/strong> \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u0926\u094b\u092e\u091f, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0964<\/li><li>\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a\u0964<\/li><li>\u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0932\u094b\u0922\u093c \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0938\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0917\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0947\u0939\u0942\u0902, \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932, \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u0942\u091f, \u0915\u092a\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093f\u0932\u0939\u0928\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0915-\u0932-\u092e-\u091f-\u091f-black-soil\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Black_Soil\"><\/span>\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Black Soil):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 70 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0941\u0930<\/mark><\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b37ba4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940<\/mark><\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0917\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930, \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936, \u0906\u0902\u0927\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0921\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e 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\u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u0938, \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u091a\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932, \u0917\u0947\u0939\u0942\u0902, \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0932-\u091f-\u0930-\u0907\u091f-\u092e-\u091f-\u091f-laterite-soil\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Laterite_Soil\"><\/span>\u0932\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Laterite Soil):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0932\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0932\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 &#8216;\u0908\u0902\u091f&#8217; \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0940\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u0918\u0941\u0932\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0927\u094b\u0928\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0940\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0942\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932\u0940\u092f, \u0916\u0941\u0930\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0935\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0947\u0922\u093c\u0940-\u092e\u0947\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0928\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925, \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u0930\u0928 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0936 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0932\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0916\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092b\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u0949\u092b\u0940, \u0930\u092c\u0921\u093c, \u0915\u093e\u091c\u0942 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0913\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0917\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092b\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0918\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0908\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0930\u0932, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915, \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0921\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u094b\u0902, \u0909\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0905\u0938\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0918\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0922\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u092e\u0930-\u0938-\u0925\u0932-\u092f-\u092e-\u091f-\u091f-desert-soil\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Desert_Soil\"><\/span>\u092e\u0930\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Desert Soil):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092e\u0930\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0947\u0924\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0915\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0932\u0935\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0917\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u093f\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u092c \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u092e\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0947\u0917\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092a\u093e\u0938, \u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u0930\u0938\u094b\u0902, \u0917\u0947\u0939\u0942\u0902, \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930, \u092c\u093e\u091c\u0930\u093e, \u0905\u0902\u0917\u0942\u0930, \u0928\u0940\u0902\u092c\u0942 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u092c\u0942\u091c\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092b\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0932\u0935\u0923-\u092f-\u0914\u0930-\u0915-\u0937-\u0930-\u092f-\u092e-\u091f-\u091f-saline-and-alkaline-soil\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Saline_and_Alkaline_Soil\"><\/span>\u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Saline and Alkaline Soil):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u0932\u092d\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u092a-\u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0932\u0935\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0940\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0935\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0932\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091f\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091b \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0915\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0902\u0926\u0930\u092c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0923\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u092e\u0915 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u092a-\u091f-\u0914\u0930-\u0926\u0932\u0926\u0932-\u092e-\u091f-\u091f-peaty-and-marshy-soil\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Peaty_and_Marshy_Soil\"><\/span>\u092a\u0940\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0932\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Peaty and Marshy Soil):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0932\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0906\u0927\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917, \u0924\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0921\u0941, \u0909\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0938\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0942\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0935\u0928-\u0914\u0930-\u092a\u0939-\u0921-\u092e-\u091f-\u091f-forest-and-mountain-soil\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_Forest_and_Mountain_Soil\"><\/span>\u0935\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Forest and Mountain Soil):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0918\u093e\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930, \u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u0947 \u091c\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0942 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0930, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0932, \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u091a\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936, \u0905\u0938\u092e, \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u0941\u0923\u093e\u091a\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0927\u0941\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092b, \u092c\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0916\u0941\u0930\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0940 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0938 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0947\u092c, \u091a\u0947\u0930\u0940, \u0916\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0906\u0921\u093c\u0942, \u0906\u0932\u0942\u092c\u0941\u0916\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0937\u0927\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0924\u094b\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u092b\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0949\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u0932\u0924\u0947-\u092b\u0942\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091a\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0920\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0906\u0920 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Ecological Succession)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%a8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 (Disaster Management)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%8a%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%a8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/iasnotes.co.in\/%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0913\u091c\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Ozone Layer Depletion)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1vvKieFcNZXm3x7gbd21yAxHAGdJKBhXd\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0935\u091a, \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a \u0925\u0940\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0925\u0940\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0920\u0928, \u0930\u0902\u0917, \u0928\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e, \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0932, \u092a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u0941\u0908, \u092e\u0943\u0923\u094d\u092e\u092f, 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